Aiming at the problems of limited energy of nodes, short life cycle and low throughput of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a WSN Clustering Routing algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering (GAFCMCR) was proposed, which adopted the method of centralized clustering and distributed cluster head election. Network clustering was performed by the base station using a FCM clustering algorithm optimized by GA during network initialization. The cluster head of the first round was the node closest to the center of the cluster. From the second round, the election of the cluster head was carried out by the cluster head of the previous round. The residual energy of candidate node, the distance from the node to the base station, and the mean distance from the node to other nodes in the cluster were considered in the election process, and the weights of these three factors were real-time adjusted according to network status. In the data transfer phase, the polling mechanism was introduced into intra-cluster communication. The simulation results show that, compared with the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm and the K-means-based Uniform Clustering Routing (KUCR) algorithm, the life cycle of the network in GAFCMCR is prolonged by 105% and 20% respectively. GAFCMCR has good clustering effect, good energy balance and higher throughput.